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"It
is the most natural thing in the world that there should be
certain blendings, compromises, and points of affinity
between the Stregheria - witchcraft, or "old religion",
founded on the Etruscan or Roman mythology and rites - and
the Roman Catholic: both were based on magic, both used
fetishes, amulets, incantations, and had recourse to
spirits. In some cases these Christian spirits or saints
corresponded with, and were actually derived from, the same
source as the heathen. The sorcerers among the Tuscan
peasantry were not slow to perceive this."
Quote from
Etruscan Roman Remains
(1892) by Charles Leland
In Italy it has long
been the custom, since even the Middle Ages, for Italian
witches to cover their identity with a veneer of Catholicism
so as not to draw suspicion. This includes attending Mass
and participating in the Rites of Passage expected of one in
the Catholic community. Charles Leland, in his
book Etruscan Magic & Occult Remedies, records the old
connection between Witches and Catholicism, of which he
writes:
"As for families in which stregeria, or a
knowledge of charms, old traditions and songs is preserved,
they do not among themselves pretend to be even Christian.
That is to say, they maintain outward observances, and bring
the children up as Catholics, and "keep in" with the priest,
but as the children grow older, if any aptitude is observed
in them for sorcery, some old grandmother or aunt takes them
in hand, and initiates them into the ancient faith."
Much of their magic
appears mixed with Catholic rites and saints,
the origins of which date back to ancient times. Certain
saints such as Anthony, Simon, and Elisha are viewed as demi-gods
and their magical rites of evocation are performed in
cellars. Leland mentions in the introduction to Etruscan
Roman Remains, a conversation he had with a Strega woman,
she says:
"I call myself Catholic - oh yes - and I
wear a medal to prove it" - here she, in excitement, pulled
from her bosom a saint's medal - "but I believe in none of
it all. You know what I believe." (Leland responds) "Si, la
vecchia religione (the old faith), I answered, by which
faith I meant that strange, diluted old Etrusco-Roman
sorcery which is set forth in this book. Magic was her real
religion."
A distinction
needs to be made between Stregoneria and Stregheria.
Stregoneria is a folk magic tradition that embraces the
Christian elements and works within that theology. In
other words, they are practitioners of magic in a Christian
system. By contrast, Stregheria is Pagan at its core
and understands that the practice of saint magic, and in the
inclusion of Catholic religious items, are for show only.
Even though both words (stregoneria and stregheria) are
translated in English as Witchcraft, this is false in terms
of what each system actually represents. Stregheria is
Witchcraft, a pre-Christian tradition. Stregoneria is
a form of sorcery used in Catholic-rooted folk magic
traditions.
EXCERPT FROM WAYS OF THE STREGA by Raven
Grimassi:
Many modern Strega simply consider Catholics to be
Pagans who have accepted the divinity of Jesus. There are
some interesting concepts in both the Old and New Testaments
which resemble Strega beliefs and may well be the foundation
of such a concept. According to the New Testament the Magi
were the first to seek out Jesus after "seeing" his star.
Legend claims that they were astrologers and associates them
with the lands of Chaldea, Egypt and Persia. These are all
places that have an occult history dating far back into
antiquity.
The tale of the Magi recorded in the book of
Matthew seems to indicate that these mystic Pagans were
among the first to go and pay homage to Jesus. In the book
of proverbs (chapter 8, verse 2) we find a personage called
"wisdom" conceived of in the form of a female divinity who
"stands at the crossroads" (a phrase used in ancient times
concerning the witches' goddess.) Wisdom speaks of being
present both prior to and during the process of Creation. In
verse 30 (The Jerusalem Bible) she claims to have been God's
assistant during the process of Creation: "I was by
his side, a master Craftsman, delighting him day after day,
ever at play in his presence, at play everywhere in his
world, delighting to be with the sons of men."
In the book
of Wisdom (found only in the Catholic version), "wisdom" is
praised with these words (chapter 7: 22-27): "For within her
is a spirit intelligent, holy...penetrating all intelligent,
pure and most subtle spirits; for Wisdom is quicker to move
than any motion; she is so pure, she pervades and permeates
all things...She is a reflection of the eternal light,
untarnished mirror of God's active power...although alone,
she can do all; herself unchanging, she makes all things
new..."
Connected to this concept of the feminine
aspect of Divinity is the word ruach. In Hebrew this word is
of feminine gender and would properly be defined in the
sense of feminine divinity. When we read in the account of
Creation (Book of Genesis) that the "spirit of God moved
upon the face of the waters" the Hebrew word used here for
spirit was ruach. In the New Testament this has been
translated into "Holy Spirit" as in the Trinity concept of
"Father, Son, and Holy Spirit."
Hebrew mystics of the Kabbalah considered ruach to be associated with the element
of air and thus with spirit as well. Among early Kabbalists
the sound of a word denoted its elemental association; soft
sounds were associated with air, hard sounds with earth,
hissing sounds with fire and muted sounds with water.
It is not necessary, however, to look to Catholicism in
order to find remnants of earlier pagan worship. Aspects of
Stregheria still survive today in both Italy and America,
even among those who would not readily identify themselves
as being members of La Vecchia Religione. They employ
various prayers to a host of saints, lighting candles and
placing assorted objects as required by tradition. Saints
such as St. Anthony, St. Jude, St. Anna, and St. Simon have
replaced the old pagan gods to whom similar prayers and
offerings were once made. |